Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Center

 

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Valgus Stress (Elbow) at 900

Examination type Joint stability, ligamentous laxity
Patient & Body Segment Positioning The patient is sitting upright, with elbow flexed to 900.  Patient does not resist or assist any movement.
Examiner Position The examiner should face the patient while standing on the side of the affected elbow with one hand cupping the elbow (heel of hand on lateral side of elbow with fingers on medial side) for support while the other hand is placed at the patient’s wrist to provide force.
Tissues Being Tested Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow
Performing the Test Cup the posterior aspect of the patients elbow in one hand and hold the patients wrist in the other.  The hand on the elbow will act as a fulcrum around which the examiner’s other hand will apply.  With the elbow flexed to 90 degrees, force the forearm laterally which will place stress on the medial side of the elbow.
Positive Test Lack of a firm end feel or extra joint opening as compared bilaterally
Interpretation Possible sprain (stretching or even tear) of the ulnar collateral ligament
Common errors in performing exam Not placing enough force on the elbow; not placing the patient’s elbow in 90 degrees of flexion; not comparing bilaterally
Factors possibly resulting in misinterpretation Athletes who routinely participate in repetitive overhead activities, such as baseball pitchers, may show excess laxity in the dominant arm even with no injury to the ulnar collateral ligament.
Related tests Valgus stress test at 0 degrees, Milking sign
References

Booher, James M., and Thibodeau, Gary A.  Athletic Injuries Assessment.  Fourth ed. 2002.

Magee, David J. (2002). Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier
Links:

http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/1996/05_96/nirschl.htm

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